BENG206
Modernism

ECTS Value: 5 ECTS

Contact Hours: 25

Self Study Hours: 60

Assessment Hours: 40

 

Overall Objectives and Outcomes

The module will commence by introducing the general and generic artistic and literary definitions of Modernism and Modernisms. It will then proceed to pin the chronological span of Modernism through a temporal and historical overview, and an appreciation of what led to Modernism commencing from the late Victorian period, spanning the Decadent Era and movements which led to the development of Modernism and Modernist Literatures as we know them today, such as Symbolism and Imagism, up to High Modernism.

The module will then approach Modernism through a study of a selection of canonical works and essays

by literary critics and major Modernist philosophers of influence and will then move to a select representation of canonical British and Irish Modernist novelists and poets.

A mention of a select American Modernist writers and poets will be made in this module.

These literary works will commence at the end of late Victorian period, around 1910 and end at around 1944. This module will span the evolution of Modernist writing, tracing the developments in style and literary convention to what is known today as Modernism and literary Modernism, as the writing which

emerged from a highly self-conscious need to break with the past, to search for new modes and languages of writing, a new form, new myths and philosophies of thought, consciousness, self, being, existentialism and human expression.

By the end of this module, the learner will be able to:

Competences

  • a)Differentiate between Literatures of Victorianism and Modernism through the appreciation of change in style and form, a selection of literary themes and thematic handling and Modernist concerns, which find their way in the literatures of Modernism;
  • b)Critically evaluate the different styles that define Modernism and the proliferation of novel modes of expression which led to a pronounced diversity of styles and different aspects of Modernism;
  • c)Critically identify the influences of the key themes that contributed to the evolution of Modernist Literature and which propelled Modernist Literatures into being;
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Knowledge

  • a)Identify what the term ‘Modernism’ may encompass– as a movement, an era, a philosophy, a genre or style of art, and style of writing;
  • b)Demonstrate an appreciation of the importance of Early Modernist Literature in the evolution of literary form, style and convention, as distinctive from that of late Victorianism and knowledge of Modernist Critical Literary Theory, such as that of the interface with late Victorianism, such as John Ruskin and Walter Pater, Matthew Arnold, Chris Baldick, T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, D.H. Lawrence, Virginia Woolf and James Joyce;
  • c)Comprehend the influences of  the key themes that contributed to the evolution of Modernist Literature and which propelled Modernist Literatures into being, such as the end of the Decadent era and the sense of an ending, Darwinian and Galtonian Evolutionary theory, eugenics, the Great War and Second World War, the synthesis of the arts and philosophy, as well as psychology, with literature, politics, and the replacement of religion through art;
  • d)Examine the Modernist phenomena of Literature as that which exists within diversity, driven by the need to create anew and to embody diversification at a very intense and proliferated pace in line with artistic movements which sought to eliminate the baggage of the past, contained within language;
  • e)Analyse how Modernist writers responded to shifting social, cultural, and imperial contexts, contributing to evolving debates about what constitutes English literature;
  • f)Develop a sound knowledge of the sedimentation and filtration of influences into literature emanating from the fields of philosophy and the arts.
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Skills

  • a)Discuss Modernist themes and issues in an open and objective manner—including the ways in which Modernist authors broke with Victorian traditions, questioned established norms, and redefined literary form and language to explore complex themes of identity, consciousness, and society;
  • b)Comment objectively and critically on the evolution of literary forms and structures in Modernist literature, examining how these changes reflect shifting perspectives on individuality and notions of the self, society, industrialisation, mechanisation, the fear of the machine, technology and mechanisation, Futurism and human and artistic expression;
  • c)Evaluate the diverse range of stylistic and thematic innovations in Modernist literature, with attention to how these developments responded to and influenced contemporary philosophical, political, and cultural shifts, including the move away from Victorian norms and the embracing of experimentation with abstraction and fragmentation in narrative and form and how this, in turn, led to a change in human consciousness.
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Assessment Methods

This module will be assessed through: Critical Essay, Presentation and Forum Participation

Suggested Readings

Core Reading List

Modernism: Modernist Novels and Poetry:

Novels

James Joyce, ‘The Dead’, Dubliners

D.H. Lawrence, Women in Love

Virginia Woolf, To the Lighthouse

Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby

Ernest Hemingway, The Sun Also Rises

E.M. Forster, Howards End

 Poetry

S. Eliot, ‘The Wasteland’

William Butler Yeats – ‘Poems’ (A selection- list to be given)

Ezra Pound – (A selection of poems – list to be given)

Critical Essays

  1. Raymond Williams, The Politics of Modernism Against the New Conformists (London: Verso, 1989)
  2. Christopher Butler, Early Modernism. Literature, Music and Painting in Europe, 1900-1916 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994)
  3. Chris Baldick The Modern Movement, Volume 10, The Oxford English Literary History, 1910-1940. (Oxford University Press., 2004).
  4. S. Eliot, ‘Tradition and Orthodoxy’ (1934-1939), The Complete Prose of T. S. Eliot: The Critical Edition, Volume 5 (London: Faber & Faber, 1937)
  5. S. Eliot, ‘Tradition and the Individual Talent’, The Sacred Wood, Essays on Poetry and Criticism, (1919) (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1921).
  6. Walter Benjamin, ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction’, Illuminations, ed. Hannah Arendt, trans. Harry Zohn, from the 1935 essay (New York: Schocken Books, 1969)
  7. Walter Pater, The Renaissance: Studies in Art and Poetry (New York: Dover Publications, 2005)
  8. George Orwell, Notes on Nationalism
  9. Essays by D. H. Lawrence,
  10. H. Lawrence, Late Essays and Articles, ed. James T. Boulton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004)
  11. H. Lawrence, Study of Thomas Hardy and Other Essays, ed. Bruce Steele (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)

—, ‘Art and Morality’,

—, ‘Morality and the Novel’

—, ‘The Novel and the Feelings’.

—, ‘Why the Novel Matters’

—, ‘Introduction to these Paintings’.

 

  1. Essays by Virginia Woolf, ‘Modern Fiction’, later named ‘Modern Novels’, ed. Andrew McNeille. The Essays of Virginia Woolf, Volume 4 (1925-1928) (London: The Hogarth Press, 1984)

—, ‘How it Strikes a Contemporary’, The Times Literary Supplement, 1923.

—, ‘The Modern Essay’

—, ‘The Art of Fiction’

—, ‘The Narrow Bridge of Art’

—, ‘Mr Bennett and Mrs. Brown’

—, ‘A Sketch of the Past’ in ‘Moments of Being’

Supplementary Reading List

  1. D. (2007), Theorists of the Modern Novel. James Joyce, Dorothy Richardson, Virginia Woolf,Routledge
  2. M. (1997) Literature, Modernism and Myth.Cambridge University Press.

Further Texts:

  1. H. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow
  2. James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a young man
  3. Virginia Woolf, Mrs Dalloway, The Waves
  4. Dorothy Richardson, Pointed Roofs
  5. M. Forster, A Room with a View, A Passage to India
  6. George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty Four
  7. William Faulkner, The Sound and the Fury
  8. Djuna Barnes, Nightwood
  9. Katherine Mansfield, The Garden Party
  10. Vita Sackville-West, The Edwardians
  11. Doris May Lessing, The Golden Notebook
  12. Gertrude Stein (albeit, not English, but writes in English), The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas
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